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Sodium bisulphite
Sodium bisulphite (or sodium hydrogen sulphite) is a chemical mixture with the approximate chemical formula NaHSO3. In fact, sodium bisulphite is not a true compound, but a mixture of salts that dissolve in water to produce solutions composed of sodium and bisulphite ions. It is a white solid with an odour of sulphur dioxide. Irrespective of its ill-defined nature, "sodium bisulphite" is a food additive with E number E222.
Sodium bisulphite is a widely used industrial reducing agent because it reacts easily with dissolved oxygen:
2 NaHSO3 + O2 → 2 NaHSO4
It is usually added to large piping systems to prevent oxidative corrosion. In biochemical engineering applications, it is useful to maintain anaerobic conditions in a reactor.
It is used for the storage of food and beverages.
Biocides
Biocidal products are substances or mixtures that are composed of or generate one or more active substances (including micro-organisms) intended to destroy, counteract, render harmless, prevent the action of, or otherwise exert control over any harmful organism by any means other than mere physical or mechanical action. A treated article having a primary biocidal function shall be considered to be a biocidal product.
Sodium sulphite
Sodium sulphite is a starting product in various chemical processes. For example, it is used together with elemental sulphur to obtain sodium thiosulphate (fixing salt).
As such, it is used to take advantage of its reducing properties to protect pipes or to remove free chlorine.
As a preservative and antioxidant it is used in the food industry (E221 declared as sulphur (IV) oxide). The concentration is usually 30 - 200 mg/kg of food, although in some nuts it can reach 2000 mg/kg.
It also improves the quality of products in the rubber and cellulose industry and is an intermediate in the synthesis of sodium dithionite(sodium hydrosulphite).
In industries it is frequently used to remove dissolved oxygen in water, which is harmful in steam boilers and other tanks. It is usually added to water as catalysed liquid sodium sulphite and is dosed at 8 ppm for every 1 ppm of oxygen, with a further 4 ppm added as a reserve.
Ammonium bisulphite
It is used as a zinc and iron sulphide depressant, a catalytic agent in caramel colour manufacturing processes, a cyanide reducer in effluent treatment, in lubricants, as an oxygen scavenger in waste water, a bleaching agent, as an antioxidant, as well as being used in industries such as leather, food and beverage processing, gas purification, and as an alternative product to sulphur dioxide in material sterilisation.